PY25403 Chemical Process Calculations and Fluid Flow Operations – Semester IV – Pharma – R-2025

Subject Code & Name: PY25403 – Chemical Process Calculations and Fluid Flow Operations

Regulation: R-2025

Semester: IV (Fourth Semester)

Branch: B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology (Pharma)

Credits / L-T-P: 4 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-2

Course Objectives

• To learn the basic calculation techniques used in process industries.
• Learn the laws governing the behaviour of gases, liquids, and solids for analysing and designing chemical processing equipment, using data sources containing relevant physical and chemical properties.
• Gain fundamental knowledge about the flow properties of different types of fluids and their momentum balance.
• Understand various fluid transport methods, flow measurement techniques, and fluid machinery.

Full Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit I – Mathematical and Engineering Calculations

Units and dimensions, conversion units, expression and equations, Dimensional groups and constants, stochiometric and composition relationships, conversion of mass, mass and volumetric reactions, basis of compositions, Excess reactants, degree of completion. Ideal Gases & vapor Pressure: Behaviour of ideal gases, Gaseous mixtures, vapor pressure, Clausius Clapeyron equation, Cox chart, Duhring’s plot, Raoult’s law, Humidity and saturation, relative humidity, humid volume, dew point, humidity chart and its use.

Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, problem-solving exercises, and visual learning activities on unit conversions, dimensional analysis, stoichiometry, gas laws, vapor pressure, humidity calculations, and engineering applications.

Unit II – Material Balance

Crystallization, dissolution, solving material balance problems with and without simultaneous equations, Recycle, bypass and purge calculations Heat of vaporization, Heat of formation, Heat of combustion of fuels, Heat and Theoretical flame temperature. Energy Balance: Heat capacity, calculation of enthalpy changes, Energy balance with chemical reactions.

Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, numerical problem-solving, and visual learning activities on material balance, crystallization, recycle systems, heat calculations, enthalpy changes, and energy balance in chemical processes.

Unit III – Fluid Mechanics and Classification of Fluids

Properties of fluid, forces on fluid, stresses, the concept of constitution relations, fluid statics, Normal forces in fluid, pressure measurement, forces on submerged bodies, buoyancy, Stability. Classification of Fluids: Newtonian and Non – Newtonian fluid, Viscosity measurement, Equations of changes: Equation of Continuity & Equation of Motion, Navier stokes equation, concept of Reynolds number and friction factor: friction for rough and smooth pipes, loss of head due to friction in pipes and fittings.

Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, flow analysis, and visual learning activities on fluid properties, pressure measurement, Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluids, viscosity, Reynolds number, friction losses, and industrial applications of laminar and turbulent flow.

List of Experiments – Section A: Chemical Process Calculations

• Stoichiometry and Composition Calculations
• Material Balance without Chemical Reactions
• Material Balance with Chemical Reactions
• Recycle, Bypass, and Purge Calculations
• Energy Balance in Mixing and Heating
• Calculation of Theoretical Flame Temperature

List of Experiments – Section B: Fluid Flow Operations

• Verification of Bernoulli’s Theorem
• Viscosity Measurement of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids
• Reynolds Number and Flow Regime Determination
• Friction Losses in Pipes and Fittings
• Flow Measurement using Venturimeter and Orifice Meter
• Flow Measurement using Rotameter
• Study of Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
• Performance Evaluation of Air Blower/Fan
• Pitot Tube for Velocity Measurement

Course Outcomes (COs)

• CO1: Understand the concepts of composition, concentration, and density of mixtures and express them using different engineering units.
• CO2: Apply material balance principles to solve process calculations with and without chemical reactions.
• CO3: Apply energy balance concepts to analyze energy requirements in chemical engineering processes and industrial operations.
• CO4: Analyze mathematical models associated with fluid-flow systems and interpret their engineering applications.
• CO5: Evaluate fluid flow through porous and packed solids and assess its significance in chemical process industries.

Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)

• Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
• Internal methodology: Assignments (20%), Solution to application-oriented problems using software (20%), Solving of GATE questions (20%), Internal Examinations (40%)

Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology R-2025 Syllabus
Last Updated: October 2026