PT25305 Introduction to Data Science – Semester III – Plastics – R-2025

Subject Code & Name: PT25305 – Introduction to Data Science

Regulation: R-2025

Semester: III (Third Semester)

Branch: B.Tech. Plastics Technology (Plastics)

Credits / L-T-P: 3 Credits | L-T-P: 2-0-2

Course Objectives

  • An understanding of the data operations.
  • An overview of simple statistical models and the basics of machine learning techniques of regression.
  • An understanding good practices of data science.
  • Skills in the use of tools such as python, IDE.
  • Understanding of the basics of the Supervised learning.

Full Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit I – Introduction, Toolboxes

Python, fundamental libraries for data Scientists. Integrated development environment (IDE). Data operations: Reading, selecting, filtering, manipulating, sorting, grouping, rearranging, ranking, and plotting

Practical: Data Analysis and Visualization using Python or MATLAB

Activities: Load a dataset and perform basic data operations like filtering, sorting, and grouping using Pandas. Visualize insights using plots with Matplotlib or Seaborn.

Unit II – Descriptive statistics and data preparation

Exploratory Data Analysis data summarization, data distribution, measuring asymmetry. Sample and estimated mean, variance and standard score. Statistical Inference frequency approach, variability of estimates, hypothesis testing using confidence intervals, using values.

Practical: Descriptive Statistics and Hypothesis Testing Python or MATLAB

Activities: Perform Exploratory Data Analysis on a dataset to summarize key features using mean, median, and variance. Visualize data distribution and asymmetry using histograms and box plots.

Unit III – Supervised Learning

First step, learning curves, training-validation and test. Learning models generalities, support vector machines, random forest. Examples.

Practical: Supervised Learning Model Implementation and Evaluation using Python or

Unit IV – MATLAB

Activities: Study on performance metrics to understand model generalization.

Unit V – Regression analysis

Regression: simple linear regression, multiple & Polynomial regression, Sparse model. Unsupervised learning, clustering, similarity and distances, quality measures of clustering, case study.

Practical: Regression and Clustering Analysis using Python or MATLAB

Activities: Apply Simple Linear Regression, multiple, and polynomial regression models to understand relationships between variables. Compare model performance and interpret coefficients to analyze prediction accuracy.

Unit VI – Network Analysis

Graphs, Social Networks, centrality, drawing centrality of Graphs, PageRank, Ego-Networks, community Detection.

Practical: Graph Analysis and Community Detection using Python or MATLAB

Activities: Explore basics of Network Analysis by representing data as graphs with nodes and edges. Compute centrality measures (degree, closeness, betweenness) to identify important nodes.

Course Outcomes (COs)

  • CO1: Data Science, data driven decision making, and the skill sets required for data scientists. Apply exploratory data analysis.
  • CO2: (EDA) techniques to summarize visualize, and interpret datasets. Analyze supervised learning techniques, including classification.
  • CO3: Techniques, including classification methods and Support Vector Machines (SVM), for solving engineering problems.
  • CO4: Evaluate the performance of machine learning models such as Linear Regression using appropriate metrics and validation techniques.
  • CO5: Design and develop data driven solutions using network analysis concepts and PageRank algorithms for real world applications.

Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)

  • Weightage: Continuous Assessment 50% | End Semester Examinations 50%
  • Internal methodology: Theory (30%), Practical (10%), Activities (10%)

Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Plastics Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026

ANNA UNIVERSITY | SYLLABUS | UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPER | NOTES

PT25304 Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering – Semester III – Plastics – R-2025

Subject Code & Name: PT25304 – Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering

Regulation: R-2025

Semester: III (Third Semester)

Branch: B.Tech. Plastics Technology (Plastics)

Credits / L-T-P: 4 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-2

Course Objectives

  • To learn the fundamental operation involved in chemical engineering.
  • To attain the knowledge in the subject of fluid flow.
  • To gain the ideas in the field of heat transfer operation.
  • To learn the mass diffusion in polymers by the study or mass transfer operations.
  • To acquire knowledge about various unit operations.

Full Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit I – Fluid flow

Fluid Flow: Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid - Bernoulli’s theorem-Hagen Poisuille equation, measurement of fluid flow- orifice meter, venturi meter and pitot tube.

Practical: Measurement of fluid flow using Venturi meter / Orifice meter.

Activities: Study the difference between Newtonian fluid and non-Newtonian fluids with real-life examples.

Unit II – Mechanical operations

Properties of solids - Sieve analysis; Laws of crushing, Crushers and grinders. Principle of separation and selection and details of equipment for screening, cyclones and hydro cyclones (Basic principles and equipment description only. Mathematical consideration not required).

Practical: Sieve Analysis of Sand

Activities: Study of a Jaw Crusher

Unit III – Heat transfer

Modes of heat transfer; Heat transfer by conduction - Fourier’s law, conduction across composite walls. Heat transfer by natural & forced convection. Co current, counter current, shell & tube heat exchangers (Basic principles and equipment description only. Mathematical consideration not required).

Practical: Heat exchanger

Activities: Study of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Unit IV – Mass transfer

Principles of diffusion, theory of diffusion, Two film theory and mass transfer coefficients Humidification - operation, humidity chart, equipment’s - cooling towers and spray chambers Drying - Principles and definitions. Rate of batch drying- Equipment for drying (Basic principles and equipment description only. Mathematical consideration not required).

Practical: Drying of Wet Solid (Batch Drying)

Activities: Study of Cooling Tower (Humidification Equipment)

Unit V – Unit operations

Absorption - Principle and equipment (packed towers and plate columns). Distillation - flash distillation, and Binary distillation. Industrial equipment for distillation Adsorption - Principle and equipment for adsorption. (Basic principles and equipment description only. Mathematical consideration not required)

Practical: Simple Distillation

Activities: Study of Packed Tower (Absorption Equipment)

Course Outcomes (COs)

  • CO1: Understand the principles of fluid flow behavior and mechanical separation operations used in process industries.
  • CO2: Apply the concepts of conduction and convection heat transfer to solve engineering problems.
  • CO3: Analyze the operation and performance of distillation equipment used in chemical and polymer process industries.
  • CO4: Evaluate chemical engineering unit operations and their suitability for different industrial applications.
  • CO5: Design and select appropriate unit operations and processing systems for polymer manufacturing and processing applications. Introduction to Data Science.

Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)

  • Weightage: Continuous Assessment 50% | End Semester Examinations 50%
  • Internal methodology: Theory (30%), Practical (10%), Activities (10%)

Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Plastics Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026

ANNA UNIVERSITY | SYLLABUS | UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPER | NOTES

PT25303 Polymer Chemistry – Semester III – Plastics – R-2025

Subject Code & Name: PT25303 – Polymer Chemistry

Regulation: R-2025

Semester: III (Third Semester)

Branch: B.Tech. Plastics Technology (Plastics)

Credits / L-T-P: 5 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-4

Course Objectives

  • The basic concepts of polymers, classification of polymers, copolymer types and tactility.
  • The kinetics & mechanism of different types addition polymerization and free radical copolymerization.
  • The kinetics & mechanism of two types of condensation polymerization and ring- opening polymerization.
  • Various types of polymerization techniques.
  • The molecular weight and its distribution and different methods of molecular weight determination.

Full Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit I – Basic concepts of polymers

Basic concepts of polymers–Monomers -degree of polymerization– significance of functionality – classification of polymers based on source, structure, thermal processing behaviour, composition and structure, mechanism, intermolecular forces – nomenclature of polymers –tacticity – copolymers and its types :alternate, random, block and graft copolymers.

Practical: Identification and classification of polymer samples based on physical properties.

Activities: Analyze classification of polymers, intermolecular forces. Differentiate copolymers such as block copolymer, random, graft, and alternating structures using diagrams.

Unit II – Addition polymerisation

Kinetics and mechanism of free radical polymerization: chain transfer, Inhibition and retardation– Kinetics and mechanism of cationic polymerisation and anionic polymerisation–livingpolymers–Ziegler-Nattacatalysts–coordinationpolymerisation– kinetics of free radical co polymerization.

Practical: Preparation of polystyrene (PS) by free radical polymerization, Preparation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)

Activities: Compare cationic polymerization and anionic polymerization with respect to kinetics. Understand living polymers and role of Ziegler–Natta catalysts in coordination polymerization.

Unit III – Condensation polymerisation

Kinetics of poly-condensation reactions (acid catalysed and self-catalysed) – ring-opening polymerization – multi chain polymerization: branching, cross- linking–step-wise copolymerization– methods of synthesizing copolymers: statistical, alternate and block copolymers.

Practical: Synthesis of Nylon-6,6 by interfacial condensation polymerization, Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin (Bakelite).

Activities: Explore ring-opening polymerization and step-growth copolymerization mechanisms. Differentiate statistical, alternating, and block copolymers using structural representations.

Unit IV – Classification of polymerization Techniques

homogenous and heterogeneous polymerisation – bulk or mass polymerization – Trommsdroff effect–solution polymerisation–suspension polymerisation–emulsion polymerisation–interfacial polymerisation– melt polycondensation. Advanced Polymerization Techniques - Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), Group Transfer-Polymerization (GTP), Reversible Addition Fragmentation Termination (RAFT).

Practical: Comparison of bulk and solution polymerization (yield and properties study).

Activities: Study different polymerization techniques such as bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion polymerization. Compare homogeneous and heterogeneous systems and explain the Tromms dorff effect in bulk polymerization.

Unit V – Molecular weight and its distribution

Molecular weight of polymer – number, weight and viscosity average molecular weights – molecular weight distribution (problems) – molecular weight determination: end-group analysis, colligative properties, osmometry, light scattering, gel permeation chromatography and viscometry.

Practical: Estimation of intrinsic viscosity of polymer solution.

Activities: Explore experimental methods for molecular weight determination including osmometry and gel permeation chromatography. Compare techniques like viscometry, light scattering, and end-group analysis for accuracy and applicability.

Course Outcomes (COs)

  • CO1: Understand the classification, nomenclature, structure and fundamental concepts of polymers.
  • CO2: Apply the principles of addition polymerization to derive rate equations and solve polymerization related problems.
  • CO3: Analyze condensation polymerization mechanisms and kinetic behavior to determine polymer formation characteristics.
  • CO4: Evaluate various polymerization techniques based on process requirements, product quality, and industrial applications.
  • CO5: Design and determine suitable methods for molecular weight characterization and interpret polymer properties based on molecular weight data.

Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)

  • Weightage: Continuous Assessment 50% | End Semester Examinations 50%
  • Internal methodology: Theory (30%), Practical (10%), Activities (10%)

Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Plastics Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026

ANNA UNIVERSITY | SYLLABUS | UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPER | NOTES

PT25302 Plastics Materials I – Semester III – Plastics – R-2025

Subject Code & Name: PT25302 – Plastics Materials I

Regulation: R-2025

Semester: III (Third Semester)

Branch: B.Tech. Plastics Technology (Plastics)

Credits / L-T-P: 3 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-0

Course Objectives

  • To learn about the general methods of preparation of individual class of plastics Materials.
  • To study about the general properties, processing behavior and applications of different Class of plastics materials.
  • To understand about the structure- property relation of different class of plastics materials.
  • To familiar about properties and end application of different plastics materials.
  • To gain knowledge of thermoplastics for industrial applications.

Full Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit I – Introduction

Basic chemistry of polymers-nomenclature of polymers sources for raw materials. Methods of manufacturing –properties and applications of Natural Polymers - Shellac resin and natural rubber- Cellulosics-Cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, Ethyl cellulose and others.

Activities: Analyze properties and applications of natural polymers such as cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate. Compare how chemical modification changes polymer performance in real applications.

Unit II – Commodity thermoplastics-I

Preparation- properties - and applications of Polyolefin- Polyethylene- LDPE -LLDPE- HDPE, HMWHDPE- UHMWHDPE–Cross-linked polyethylene- Chlorinated polyethylene –Polypropylene – Homo & Co polymer.

Activities: Analyze applications of polypropylene and cross-linked polyethylene in industrial usage. Understand how copolymerization improves material performance.

Unit III – Commodity thermoplastics-II

Preparation - properties - and applications of Vinyl plastics - Polyvinyl chloride, C-PVC, Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol. Polystyrene

Activities: Identify and compare rigid and flexible behavior of Vinyl polymers.

Unit IV – General purpose thermosets

Preparation - properties - and applications of: Phenol formaldehyde (PF), Amino plastics: Urea50formaldehyde (UF) - Melamine formaldehyde (MF), unsaturated polyesters, Alkyd resins.

Activities: Compare properties of unsaturated polyesters and alkyd resins. Identify industrial applications based on durability and chemical resistance.

Unit V – Engineering plastics & its applications–I

Preparation- properties - and applications: Styrene copolymers–High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), Acrylic plastics–Polymethyl Methacrylate, Polyacrylonitrile, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA).

Activities: Examine properties and applications of PMMA, SAN, PAN, and EVA materials. Relate molecular structure to transparency, strength, and flexibility.

Course Outcomes (COs)

  • CO1: Understand the classification, properties processing characteristics, and applications of natural polymers and plastic materials.
  • CO2: Apply the principles of polymer additives selection for improving the performance and processing (2) characteristics of plastic products.
  • CO3: Analyze the manufacturing processes, structure property relationships, and applications of (2) polyolefins used in engineering and consumer products.
  • CO4: Evaluate the properties, processing behavior, and suitability of vinyl and halogenated olefin based (2) plastics for specific industrial applications.
  • CO5: Design and select special purpose plastic materials based on performance, sustainability, (3) and application requirements.

Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)

  • Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
  • Internal methodology: Assessment I (35%), Assessment II (35%), Activities (30%)

Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Plastics Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026

ANNA UNIVERSITY | SYLLABUS | UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPER | NOTES

PT25301 Polymer Physics – Semester III – Plastics – R-2025

Subject Code & Name: PT25301 – Polymer Physics

Regulation: R-2025

Semester: III (Third Semester)

Branch: B.Tech. Plastics Technology (Plastics)

Credits / L-T-P: 3 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-0

Course Objectives

  • To understand the Physical and conformational properties of polymeric materials.
  • To study Molecular arrangement in polymers and their orientation under the influence of stress.
  • To study the Solubility behavior of polymers.

Full Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit I – Fundamentals of polymer physics

Potential energy and conformational energy of molecules - conformations and configurations, Tacticity, isomeric states and isomerism in polymers, stereoisomerism, geometric isomerism - Random coils and average end to end distance - (Derivation only).

Activities: Study different polymer conformations and configurations, including tacticity and isomerism concepts. Illustrate examples of stereoisomerism and geometric isomerism in polymer structures.

Unit II – Thermodynamic properties

Laws of Thermodynamics - Freely jointed and freely rotating chain models - Entropy and enthalpy Energy driven and entropy driven elasticity - Thermo elasticity -Thermodynamic treatment - entropic and energetic contributions (Derivation only).

Activities: Review the Laws of Thermodynamics and their application in polymer systems. Understand chain models like freely jointed and freely rotating chains in polymer behavior.

Unit III – Polymer Crystal Formation

Amorphous State - Transition temperatures- Glass transition temperature Theory- Factors influencing glass transition Temperature- Crystalline State - polymorphism – Polymer single crystals, lamellae, spherulites – Crystallinity -factors affecting crystallinity -X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Activities: Interpretation of thermograms and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) data for molecular weight, crystallinity – XRD and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).

Unit IV – Chain Orientation

Chain orientation - Concept of chain orientation - orientation in amorphous and crystalline polymers - Uniaxial and biaxial orientation practical significance – Orientation processes: spinning Process – Optical Properties of polymers – Birefringence, Haze, Transparency.

Activities: Understand the concept of chain orientation in amorphous and crystalline polymers. Differentiate between uniaxial and biaxial orientation with practical examples.

Unit V – Polymer Solutions

Polymer solutions - Terms and definitions, types of solutions - Hildebrand approach, Flory Huggins theory - Thermodynamic view of miscibility, upper critical solution temperature (UCST), lower critical solution temperature (LCST) - solubility parameter, determination of solubility parameter of polymers - theta conditions.

Activities: Analyze phase behavior concepts such as UCST and LCST, Relate solubility parameter and theta conditions to polymer solution behavior.

Course Outcomes (COs)

  • CO1: Understand molecular arrangement in polymers.
  • CO2: Demonstrate the orientation processes in polymer.
  • CO3: Demonstrate knowledge in solubility behavior of polymers.

Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)

  • Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
  • Internal methodology: Assessment I (35%), Assessment II (35%), Activities (30%)

Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Plastics Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026

ANNA UNIVERSITY | SYLLABUS | UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPER | NOTES

FD25304 Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations – Semester III – Food – R-2025

Subject Code & Name: FD25304 – Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations

Regulation: R-2025

Semester: III (Third Semester)

Branch: B.Tech. Food Technology (Food)

Credits / L-T-P: 5 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-4

Course Objectives

  • To impart knowledge on the fluid properties and fluid statics principles.
  • To introduce the basic concept of fluid kinematics and dynamics.
  • To calculate the rate of flow and energy losses in flow through pipes and open channels.
  • To emphasize the concepts of boundary layer theory and the importance of dimensional analysis.
  • To impart the knowledge of pumps and turbines.

Full Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit I – Fluid Properties And Fluid Statics

Concept of Continuum, Properties of Fluid, Classification of fluids, Types of fluid flow Streamline, Streamlines, and path line, Pascals Law and Hydrostatic Law, Pressure and its variation in a static Fluid, Measurement of fluid pressure Manometers, Buoyancy and meta-Centre, Stability analysis and applications.

Activities: Understanding Fluid Types and Flow Behavior in Food Industries.

Unit II – Fluid Kinematics And Dynamics

Continuity equation, Velocity Potential and Stream function, Bernoullis equation, and its applications, Impulse-Momentum principle, Impact of Jet, Velocity triangle.

Activities: Application of principles of fluid kinematics and dynamics in beverage industries.

Unit III – Flow Through Pipes And Channels

Laminar and turbulent flows in circular pipes, Major and Minor losses in pipes, Darcy Weisbach equation, Hagen Poiseuille equation, Multi reservoir problems, pipe network design, Types of open Channel flows, Measurement of discharge in open channels, Notches, Most economical channel section.

Activities: Case studies on limitations of flow through pipes and channels in food industries.

Unit IV – Dimensional Analysis And Model Testing

Buckingham's theorem and Application of theorem in fluid flow Reynolds, Froude, and Mach number and their applications in model testing, Boundary layer thickness, Momentum integral equation, Drag and lift, Separation of the boundary layer, and Methods of preventing the boundary layer separation.

Activities: Scale-up challenges from laboratory to food industry.

Unit V – Hydraulic Machines

Centrifugal pumps, Work done, Head developed, Pump output and Efficiencies, priming - minimum starting speed, performance of multistage pumps, Cavitation, methods of prevention, Pump characteristics, Classification of hydraulic turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis turbine, Kaplan and turbines, Specific speed, Performance characteristics, Selection of turbines, Turbine efficiencies.

Activities: Application of hydraulic machines in food processing industries.

List of Experiments

  • Find the coefficient of discharge by suitable device that is most accurate to measure the fuel and air distribution in the carburetor of an IC engine in a two wheeler Also, in Pasteurization and Sterilization process. Discuss the effects of the Reynolds number and friction factor in relation to the rate of flow.
  • Analyze the friction factor of various pipes in a distribution of a water supply for domestic applications.
  • Determine the coefficient of discharge by suitable device used to monitor and control the flow of water and chemicals in water treatment plants.
  • Analyze the Lift and drag force of an aerofoil design used in a windmill for power generation.
  • Conduct the performance test of a suitable turbine that is used to extract energy from waterfalls whose water drops down from a height of about 500 m to generate power in Hydropower station.
  • Conduct the test from which electricity is to be generated has its reservoir fully filled up during the rainy season and the level drops down during summer. A turbine has to be put up such that it can accommodate both cases in a hydropower station.
  • Determine the efficiency of a pump to pump water to a very high elevation, say >300 ft, and high viscous fluid used for an irrigation and Chocolate Industry.

Course Outcomes (COs)

  • CO1: Understand the properties of fluids under static kinematic, and dynamic conditions.
  • CO2: Apply fundamental equations of fluid flow to solve engineering problems involving fluid motion.
  • CO3: Apply physical laws and principles in flow measurement systems and hydraulic operations used in food processing industries.
  • CO4: Analyze flow characteristics in pipes, open channels, and industrial fluid transport systems.
  • CO5: Evaluate the selection, performance, and efficiency of pumps and hydraulic equipment for food engineering applications.

Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)

  • Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
  • Internal methodology: Quiz (10%), Assignments (10%), Flipped Class (20%), Internal Examinations (60%)

Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Food Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026

ANNA UNIVERSITY | SYLLABUS | UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPER | NOTES

FD25303 Stoichiometry in Food Industries – Semester III – Food – R-2025

Subject Code & Name: FD25303 – Stoichiometry in Food Industries

Regulation: R-2025

Semester: III (Third Semester)

Branch: B.Tech. Food Technology (Food)

Credits / L-T-P: 3 Credits | L-T-P: 2-1-0

Course Objectives

  • The course aims.
  • To develop a fundamental understanding of process calculations,.
  • To enable students to apply material balance principles state processes in food and allied industries.
  • To impart knowledge of the basic concepts and laws of Thermodynamics and their application in energy balance and process analysis.

Full Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit I – Introduction

UNITs and dimensions, the mole UNIT, mole fraction (or percent) and mass fraction (or percent), analyses of a mixture, concentrations, basis of calculations, predicting P-V-T properties of gases using the following equations of state: ideal gas law, Van der Waals equation, Redlich-Kwong equation, calculation of density.

Activities: Practical applications of stochiometric calculations

Unit II – Chemical Equation And Material Balances

Basics of chemical equation and stoichiometry, limiting reactant, excess reactant, conversion, selectivity, yield. Basic concepts involved in material balance calculations, material balance problems without chemical reactions: membrane separation, mixing, drying, crystallization. Basic concepts of recycle, bypass and purge streams.

Activities: Application of material balances in food industries

Unit III – Basic Concepts And First Law Of Thermodynamics

Fundamental concepts of thermodynamics– systems, properties, process, functions, UNITs, energy, heat and work– Zeroth law. First law, internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacities CV and CP– steady flow processes with reference to various thermal equipments- nozzle, throat, throttling process and compressors.

Activities: Thermodynamics around us – Observe and discuss

Unit IV – Volumetric properties Of Pure Fluids

PVT behavior of pure substances, virial equations of state, the ideal gas, equations for process calculations(for an ideal gas in any mechanically reversible closed-system process): isothermal process, isobaric process, isochoric process, adiabatic process, and polytropic process. Application of the virial equations, introduction to cubic equations of state: van der Waals equation, Redlich/Kwong equation, theorem of corresponding states; acentric factor.

Activities: Comparative application based study on real gas vs ideal gas

Unit V – Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Statements, heat engines, Carnot's theorem, ideal- gas temperature scale; Carnot's equations, concept of entropy, entropy changes of an ideal gas undergoing a mechanically reversible process in a closed system, mathematical statement of the second law, entropy balance for open systems, statement of the third law.

Activities: Application of 2nd law of thermodynamics in food industries

Course Outcomes (COs)

  • CO1: Understand the concepts of units, dimensions, and ideal gas laws used in food process engineering calculations.
  • CO2: Apply fundamental food process calculations involving material quantities, compositions, and process variables. (3) (2).
  • CO3: Analyze stoichiometric relationships and material balance equations in food processing operations. (3) (2).
  • CO4: Evaluate energy requirements and energy balance calculations in food processing systems. (3) (1).
  • CO5: Solve problems involving enthalpy changes and heat effects in food processing operations and thermal systems. (2) (1).

Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)

  • Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
  • Internal methodology: Quiz (10%), Assignments (10%), Flipped Class (10%), Internal Examinations (70%)

Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Food Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026

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