Subject Code & Name: PY25402 – Cell and Molecular Biology
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: IV (Fourth Semester)
Branch: B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology (Pharma)
Credits / L-T-P: 3 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-0
Course Objectives
- To familiarize the students with the basic cellular processes at molecular level and to integrate the basic concepts and modern applications of molecular biology techniques for disease diagnosis and therapy.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Cell structure, Organisation and Function
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic cells, Sub-cellular organelles, membrane organisation and transport across membranes, Extra cellular matrix; cytoskeleton- structure and functions; Cell-cell adhesion and junctions; Cell division – mitosis; Cell cycle, Cell signalling mechanisms.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, diagram-based activities, and visual learning exercises on cell structure, organelles, membrane transport, cell signalling, cell division, cell types, and targeted drug action.
Unit II – Molecular Genetics
Introduction to nucleic acids, Structure and functions of DNA, DNA replication – stages of replication, fidelity, replication inhibitors; Telomere replication in eukaryotes; Organisation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes; Mutagens, DNA mutations and their mechanism, DNA repair mechanisms. Structure and functions of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, model-based activities, case studies, and visual learning exercises on DNA structure, replication, mutations, DNA repair, RNA types, and genetic disorders.
Unit III – Transcription and Translation
Transcription: Initiation, elongation and termination, Posttranscriptional processing, transcription inhibitors; Elucidation of genetic code, Codon degeneracy, Wobble hypothesis; Steps in translation: Initiation, elongation and termination, Inhibitors of protein synthesis. Posttranslational modifications and its importance.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, case-based discussions, and visual learning activities on transcription, translation, genetic code, protein synthesis inhibitors, and posttranslational modifications.
Unit IV – Recombinant DNA Technology
Manipulation of DNA – Restriction and Modification enzymes. Characteristics of cloning and expression vectors based on plasmid and bacteriophage, Vectors for yeast, insect and mammalian systems, Artificial chromosomes – BACs and YACs, Combinatorial vectors - Cosmid and Phagemid. Production techniques of recombinant proteins - Insulin, Interferons, Erythropoietin; Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, case studies, and visual learning activities on recombinant DNA technology, cloning vectors, recombinant proteins, vaccines, and synthetic antibodies.– advantages and disadvantages
Unit V – Amplification and Sequencing of DNA
Amplification of DNA; Types of PCR – reverse transcription PCR, Real-time PCR/qPCR – SYBR green assay, Taqman assay, Other types of PCR techniques; Site directed mutagenesis; Maxam Gilbert’s and Sanger Coulson’s and automated methods of DNA sequencing, Next generation sequencing technologies.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, case-based discussions, and visual learning activities on the role of molecular diagnostics in diseases. Discussion on isothermal methods.
Unit VI – Genome analysis and Genomics
Gene therapy; Transgenic technology; Functional genomics; Microarray techniques; Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE); Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression by small RNAs (RNA interference); Web resources for genomics.
Activities: Group discussion on ethical concerns in gene therapy.
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Understand the structure and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their cellular components.
- CO2: Explain the structure and function of nucleic acids and the significance of the central dogma in living systems.
- CO3: Apply recombinant DNA technology and DNA manipulation techniques for the production of recombinant proteins and other bioproducts.
- CO4: Analyze the applications of PCR, DNA sequencing, and related molecular techniques in disease diagnosis and genetic analysis.
- CO5: Evaluate genomic information and molecular data for disease diagnosis, therapy, and personalized medicine applications.
- CO6: Integrate concepts of cell biology and molecular biology to understand disease mechanisms and develop diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
- Internal methodology: Assignments (20%), Seminar on short presentations (20%), Solving of GATE questions (20%), Internal Examinations (40%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology R-2025 Syllabus
Last Updated: October 2026
Comments
Post a Comment