Subject Code & Name: PY25401 – Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: IV (Fourth Semester)
Branch: B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology (Pharma)
Credits / L-T-P: 4 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-2
Course Objectives
- To facilitate the students to acquire knowledge about the morphology, growth and control of microorganisms; its industrial and environmental applications.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Fundamentals of Microbiology and Microbial Techniques
The Scope and History of Microbiology; Characterization, Classification, and Identification of Microorganisms; Microscopic Examination of Microorganisms - Light and Electron Microscopy; Different Staining Techniques.
Activities: Conduct group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, microscopy and staining interpretation, and visual learning activities on microbial classification, morphology, microscopy, staining techniques, environmental monitoring, microbial cell wall differences, and bioburden testing in the pharmaceutical industry.
Unit II – Structural Biology and Reproductive Mechanisms of Microorganisms
Ultrastructure of bacterial cells and Bacterial multiplication, Viral structure - enveloped and non-enveloped viruses and replication, Fungal structure and reproduction, Algal structure and reproduction, Unique structural features of special microorganisms- Actinomycetes (filamentous bacteria), Mycoplasma, and Bacteriophages.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, slide/diagram interpretation, and visual learning activities on microbial structure, reproduction, viral replication, bacteriophage life cycles, and industrial or clinical applications of microorganisms.
Unit III – Bacterial Nutrition, Growth, and Metabolism
Nutritional Requirements of Bacteria; Bacteriological Media; Growth Curve and Quantitative Measurement of Bacterial Growth; Bacterial Metabolism - Aerobic, Anaerobic Bioenergetics and Utilization of Energy in Biosynthesis of Important Molecules.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, growth curve interpretation, case-based discussions, and visual learning activities on bacterial nutrition, metabolism, microbial growth, and antibiotic resistance.
Unit IV – Control of Microorganisms and Medical Microbiology
Physical and Chemical Control of Microorganisms; Chemotherapeutic Agents - Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal and Anti-viral; Mode of Action and Resistance to Antibiotics; Host-Microbe Interactions; Clinically Important Microorganisms.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, case-based discussions, and visual learning activities on microbial control methods, sterilization, antimicrobial agents, host– microbe interactions, clinically important microorganisms, and disease prevention.
Unit V – Industrial and Environmental Microbiology
Primary Metabolites, Secondary Metabolites and Applications; Preservation of Food; Production of Penicillin, Alcohol and Vitamin B-12; Biogas. Bioremediation and Bioleaching; Biofertilizers and Biopesticides; Microorganisms in Pollution Control; Biosensors.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, process flow analysis, and visual learning activities on industrial microbial products, bioremediation, biofertilizers, biosensors, pollution control, clean rooms, and biosafety practices.
List of Experiments
Module I - Fundamentals of Microbiology and Microbial Techniques
- Microscopic Examination of Bacteria (e.g., Gram staining, simple staining)
- Acid-Fast and Spore Staining (To identify acid-fast bacteria and spore formers)
- Preparation and Observation of Yeast and Fungi (Lactophenol cotton blue staining for fungal structures) Module II - Structural Biology and Reproductive Mechanisms of Microorganisms
- Bacterial Identification using Biochemical Tests (IMViC tests, catalase, oxidase)
- Demonstration of Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi (e.g., Aspergillus flavus under microscope)
- Preparation and Observation of Yeast and Fungi (Observation of fungal morphology and reproductive structures) Module III - Bacterial Nutrition, Growth, and Metabolism
- Preparation and Sterilization of Culture Media (Nutrient agar, broth, selective and differential media)
- Isolation and Enumeration of Microbes (Spread plate, pour plate, and serial dilution methods)
- Growth Curve Plotting of Bacteria (Turbidimetric and plate count methods) Module IV - Control of Microorganisms and Medical Microbiology
- Effectiveness of Disinfectants (Phenol coefficient method or zone of inhibition)
- Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing (Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method)
- Bacterial Identification using Biochemical Tests (Identification of clinically important bacteria)
- Aseptic Transfer Techniques (Sterile handling and contamination control) Module V - Industrial and Environmental Microbiology
- Fermentation Demonstration (Production of ethanol or curd using microbes)
- Demonstration of Biogas Production (Using cow dung slurry in anaerobic setup)
- Demonstration of Biofertilizers (Microscopic and cultural characteristics of Rhizobium, Azospirillum, etc.)
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Understand the classification, morphology, and identification of microorganisms.
- CO2: Explain the growth, nutrition, multiplication, and metabolism of microorganisms.
- CO3: Analyze microbial control methods and resistance mechanisms in different environments.
- CO4: Evaluate the role of microorganisms in industrial, environmental, and pharmaceutical applications.
- CO5: Apply microbiological principles in disease prevention, drug development, industrial production, and pollution control.
- CO6: Evaluate the significance of microorganisms in human health, biotechnology, and environmental sustainability through case-based analysis.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
- Internal methodology: Assignments (20%), Solution to application-oriented problems using software (20%), Solving of GATE questions (20%), Internal Examinations (40%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology R-2025 Syllabus
Last Updated: October 2026
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