Subject Code & Name: MR25C03 – CNC Technology
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: IV (Fourth Semester)
Branch: B.E. Mechanical and Automation Engineering (MechAuto)
Credits / L-T-P: 4 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-2
Course Objectives
- Understand CNC machine tools and its subsystems, develop manual and computer- aided part programs and select appropriate cutting parameters and machining strategies for efficient manufacturing.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Fundamentals of CNC system
Overview of CNC System Components: Machine Control Unit (MCU), servo/stepper motors, feedback systems (open and closed- loop), and interpolators, Motion control systems – point to point control, continuous path control, Coordinate systems, Absolute and incremental positioning, Incremental and absolute encoders, comparators Discrete function and continuous function comparators, DNC, Advantages of CNC. CNC Machine Structure: Machine structures and guide ways– program reader, decoder, buffer storage, interpolator, Spindle drive systems, Actuating mechanisms – screw and nut, recirculating ball screws, roller screws, hydrostatic nut and screw, rack and pinion, ram and pinion, work holding and tool holding devices in CNC machines Tool Materials; Automatic Tool Changers (ATC), tool turrets, and coordinate system definitions (Work Coordinate System, Machine Coordinate System). Occupational safety, emergency response, and preventive maintenance of CNC machines.
Practical: 1. Experimental comparison of open-loop and closed-loop positioning systems. 2. Demonstration of work holding and tool holding devices in CNC machines.
Unit II – CNC Machine Control
CNC controller architecture, Basic Length Unit, Feedback systems, Qualified tooling and Tool presetting, machine tool condition monitoring through force, temperature, vibration signals, etc., Automatic tool changers and multiple pallet systems, Swarf removal, adaptive control, Industry 4.0 and CNC.
Practical: 1. Condition monitoring of CNC machine tools using various sensors. 2. Use of Tool Presetting in CNC
Unit III – CNC Part programming
CNC software Types of zero systems, Part programming fundamentals, Part program structure, Preparatory commands and Miscellaneous functions, Reference points, Tool offsets and compensations, canned cycles, sub programs and macro programming, Manual part programming for a turning centre and a machining centre.
Practical: 1. Develop a manual part program and perform tool path simulation 2. Write a CNC program and perform machining of multiple holes in a workpiece.
Unit IV – CNC Machines
CNC Machine configuration Machining centres, Turning centres, Overview of 3-axis, 4-axis, and 5-axis Machining operations CNC Grinding Machines, CNC Drilling and Milling Machines Coordinate Measuring Machine.
Practical: 1. CNC machining of components in Machining Centre/Turning Center. 2. Inspection in Coordinate Measuring Machine
Tasks: T1. Develop a CNC part program for machining a stepped shaft with threading using optimal cutting parameters. T2. Generate and simulate a toolpath for a complex 3D component using CAD/CAM software. T3. Analyze machining errors in a CNC milling operation and suggest corrections using tool offsets and compensation.
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Explain the fundamentals of CNC systems, controller architecture, and machine elements.
- CO2: Analyze positioning systems, feedback systems, and condition monitoring techniques in CNC machines.
- CO3: Develop and execute manual CNC part programs for turning and machining centres using G and M codes, canned cycles, and subprograms.
- CO4: Verify CNC tool paths for 2D and 3D machining operations.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
- Internal methodology: Written Test (40%), Practical (30%), Activity (30%). Practical: Lab Experiments (50%), Tasks (50%) (Each student must complete a minimum of two tasks). Activity: Review of the gate questions (10%), Mini Project/ Quiz/ Assignment Programs/ Flipped Class /Seminar Presentation (20%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.E. Mechanical and Automation Engineering R-2025 Syllabus
Last Updated: October 2026
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