Subject Code & Name: PY25304 – Physical Pharmaceutics
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: III (Third Semester)
Branch: B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology (Pharma)
Credits / L-T-P: 4 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-2
Course Objectives
- • To impart practice and knowledge on fundamental principles and concepts involved in pharmaceutical powders, liquid flow and dispersions.
- To provide the knowledge and ability to perform drug stability.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Micromeritics and Powder Rheology
Particle size and distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle size, volume, optical microscopy, sieving, sedimentation, Dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, measurement of particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders; porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness, and flow properties. Powder Handling Techniques.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, data interpretation, and visual learning activities on particle size analysis, powder flow properties, porosity, densities, and powder handling techniques.
Unit II – Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon
Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tension, surface free energy, measurement of surface and interfacial tensions, free energy, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB classification, solubilization, detergency, adsorption at solid interface, solid gas and solid-liquid interface, complex films, electrical properties of interface.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, interpretation-based exercises, and visual learning activities on surface tension, surfactants, adsorption, HLB classification, and pharmaceutical applications of interfacial phenomena.
Unit III – Viscosity and Rheology
Newtonian system, Law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature on viscosity, non- Newtonian systems, plastic, pseudoplastic, dilatant, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity: capillary, falling ball, rotational viscometers.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, interpretation-based exercises, and visual learning activities on surface tension, surfactants, adsorption, HLB classification, and pharmaceutical applications of interfacial phenomena.
Unit IV – Colloidal dispersions
Definition, types, properties of colloids, protective colloids, applications of colloids in pharmacy.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, comparison-based activities, and visual learning exercises on colloids, suspensions, emulsions, sedimentation, flocculation, stability, and pharmaceutical applications.
Unit V – Suspensions and Emulsions
Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspension, theory of sedimentation, effect of Brownian movement, sedimentation of flocculated particles, sedimentation parameters, wetting of particles, controlled flocculation, flocculation in structured vehicle, rheological considerations, emulsions; types, theories, Physical stability. Influence of temperature, light, catalytic species, solvent and other factors, Stabilization of drugs, Accelerated stability study, expiration dating.
Activities: Group discussions, quizzes, MCQs, assignments, case-based analysis, stability data interpretation, and visual learning activities on suspensions, emulsions, drug stability, accelerated stability studies, shelf-life, and expiration dating.
List of Experiments
- Module I - Micromeritics and Powder Rheology
- Determination of particle size and particle size distribution using various methods of particle size analysis.
- Determination of surface area of powders.
- Determination of derived properties of powders such as density, porosity, compressibility, and angle of repose.
- Determination of effect of glidant on angle of repose of powder.
- Comparative evaluation of powder flow properties and pharmaceutical processing behavior. Module II - Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon
- Determination of surface/interfacial tension.
- Determination of critical micellar concentration (CMC) of surfactants.
- Determination of hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value of surfactants. Module III - Viscosity and Rheology
- Study of rheological properties of various types of systems using different viscometers.
- Evaluation of rheological behavior of pharmaceutical dispersions. Module IV - Dispersion Systems
- Preparation of various types of suspensions and determination of their sedimentation parameters.
- Formulation and stability assessment of suspensions. Module V - Suspensions and Emulsions
- Preparation and stability studies of emulsions.
- Determination of shelf life of a product based on Arrhenius principle and influence of humidity through Modified Arrhenius equation.
- Study of surfactants and their applications in pharmaceutical formulations.
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Understand the principles of particle size, surface area and derived powder properties relevant to pharmaceutical systems.
- CO2: Apply concepts of surface and interfacial phenomena to determine surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and HLB values of surfactants.
- CO3: Analyze the flow behavior of Newtonian and non Newtonian systems and evaluate viscosity characteristics of pharmaceutical liquids.
- CO4: Evaluate the properties, stability, and pharmaceutical applications of colloidal systems, suspensions, and emulsions.
- CO5: Evaluate the stability of pharmaceutical products using accelerated stability testing and interpret stability data.
- CO6: Design pharmaceutical dosage forms by applying the principles of powders, liquids, colloidal systems, and coarse dispersions.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
- Internal methodology: Assignments (20%), Solution to application-oriented problems using software (20%), Solving of GATE questions (20%), Internal Examinations (40%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026
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