Subject Code & Name: PY25301 – Pharmaceutical Biochemistry
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: III (Third Semester)
Branch: B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology (Pharma)
Credits / L-T-P: 3 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-0
Course Objectives
- • To develop a strong foundation in the structure, function, metabolism, and clinical relevance of biomolecules, enabling students to analyze biochemical processes.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Biomolecules and Enzymology
Structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Vitamins and coenzymes. Enzyme classification, kinetics, inhibition, and regulation. Isoenzymes and diagnostic enzymes.
Activities: GDs, quizzes, MCQs, and visualization activities on biomolecules, enzyme kinetics, enzyme-related rare diseases, and nutraceutical labels to identify vitamins, coenzymes, and their biological and pharmaceutical significance.
Unit II – Metabolism of Biomolecules
Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism. Citric acid cycle, HMP shunt, polyol pathway. β-oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, ketogenesis. Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein transport. General amino acid metabolism, urea cycle. Metabolism of individual amino acids. Purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Activities: Develop flow charts for major metabolic pathways highlighting key intermediates, enzymes, energy yield, metabolic states, related disorders, pharmaceutical interventions disrupting metabolic cycles, and mechanisms involved in detoxification and clearance of toxic byproducts associated with drug-induced liver and kidney injury.
Unit III – Protein Transport and Targeting
Protein sorting, Signal sequences, targeting signals and Transport, Protein Folding and Chaperones, Protein misfolding, Targeting of proteins to organelles.
Activities: GD/quiz/MCQs on the role of protein targeting in drug discovery and delivery, Analyze diseases related to protein misfolding and discuss underlying mechanisms.
Unit IV – Protein Degradation and Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, Lysosomal degradation of proteins, Autophagy, Regulation of protein turnover in cells, Mechanism and stages of endocytosis, Role of receptors, Formation of endosomes and lysosomes, Significance in nutrient uptake and drug delivery.
Activities: Prepare flowcharts comparing ubiquitin–proteasome and lysosomal degradation pathways, conduct GDs/quizzes on receptor-mediated endocytosis, and encourage students to identify and discuss various antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) and their therapeutic applications.
Unit V – Applied Biochemistry and Clinical Applications
Biochemical basis of diseases: diabetes, atherosclerosis, jaundice, gout. Free radicals and antioxidants. Biochemical techniques: electrophoresis, chromatography, ELISA. Hormones: biochemical classification, mechanism of action.
Activities: GD/quiz and case studies of metabolic disorders and identify biochemical markers, evaluate the role of free radicals and antioxidants in disease prevention.
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Understand the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules and the mechanisms of enzyme action.
- CO2: Apply biochemical principles to explain metabolic pathways and their regulation under different physiological conditions.
- CO3: Analyze protein sorting, signal sequences, transport folding, and misfolding mechanisms in normal and disease conditions.
- CO4: Evaluate protein degradation pathways, receptor mediated endocytosis, and their significance in cellular regulation and drug delivery systems.
- CO5: Evaluate biochemical alterations associated with diseases and correlate them with diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
- CO6: Demonstrate proficiency in biochemical techniques such as electrophoresis, chromatography, ELISA, and PCR, and interpret their pharmaceutical applications.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
- Internal methodology: Assignments (20%), Solution to application-oriented problems using software (20%), Solving of GATE questions (20%), Internal Examinations (40%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Pharmaceutical Technology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026
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