Subject Code & Name: CE25C12 – Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: III (Third Semester)
Branch: B.E. Aeronautical Engineering (Aero) / B.E. Aerospace Engineering (Aerospace)
Credits / L-T-P: 4 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-2
Course Objectives
- To introduce the students about properties of the fluids, behaviour of the fluids under statics, kinematics and dynamic conditions.
- To expose to the applications of the conservation laws to flow measurements, flow through pipes and forces on pipe bends.
- To impart basic knowledge to the students about the working principles and performance characteristics of hydraulic machineries.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Fluids Properties and Fluid Statics
Types and properties of fluids, Viscosity, Surface tension and Compressibility, Basics of Compressible flow Fluid statics, Concept of fluid pressure, Manometers, Forces on plane and curved surfaces, Buoyancy and floatation, Stability of floating bodies, metacentric height and its determination.
Practical: Determination of metacentric height
Activities: Mini case study on buoyancy applications in ships/submarines, Problem- solving using simulation tools for pressure distribution.
Unit II – Fluid Kinematics and Dynamics
Kinematics: Classification of fluid flows, Eulerian and Lagrangian approach, concept of control volume and system, Velocity and acceleration, Stream function and velocity potentials, Flow nets; Dynamics: Application of control volume to continuity, energy and momentum, Euler’s equation of motion along a stream line, Bernoulli’s equation, Applications to velocity and discharge measurements, Linear momentum equation.
Practical: Determination of coefficient of discharge of a venturimeter.
Activities: Group activity on Bernoulli-based engineering applications (aircraft wing, carburetor, atomizer, etc., software demonstration for flow patterns.
Unit III – Flow Through Pipes and Boundary Layer
Reynold’s Experiment, Laminar flow through circular conduits, Hagen Poiseuille equation, Darcy-Weisbach equation, Moody diagram, Major and minor losses of flow in pipes, Hydraulic gradient and total energy gradient, Pipes in series and parallel, Equivalent pipes, Boundary layer concepts, types of boundary layer thickness.
Practical: Determination of friction factor for flow through pipes.
Activities: Pipe network design exercise using campus/building water supply layout, Industrial case study on pipeline losses and leakage reduction.
Unit IV – Dimensional Analysis
Fundamental dimensions, Dimensional homogeneity, Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham Pi theorem, Dimensionless parameters, Similitude and model studies, Distorted and undistorted models
Activities: Model-making activity demonstrating similitude concepts, Group exercise on identifying dimensionless numbers in engineering systems.
Unit V – Turbines
Impact of jets, Velocity triangles, Theory of rotodynamic machines, Classification of turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine, working principles, Work done by water on the runner, Efficiencies, Draft tube, Specific speed, Performance curves for turbines.
Practical: Characteristics of Pelton wheel turbine
Activities: Virtual demonstration of Turbines.
Unit VI – Pumps
Classification of pumps, Centrifugal pumps, working principle, Heads and efficiencies, Work done by the impeller, NPSH, Minimum speed to start the pump, Pumps connected in series and parallel, Performance curves, Reciprocating pump working principle, Indicator diagram and its variations, Air vessels - Work saved by air vessels.
Practical: 1. Characteristics of centrifugal pumps 2. Characteristics of reciprocating pump
Activities: Virtual demonstration of Pumps. Tasks T1. Design a water supply pipeline system for a residential building, considering flow rate, head loss, and pipe sizing. T2. Design a flow measurement system using a venturimeter or orifice meter for an industrial application to determine discharge accurately. T3. Select and design a hydraulic turbine system (Pelton/Francis/Kaplan) for a small hydroelectric power plant based on site conditions. T4. Design a pumping system (centrifugal or reciprocating) for irrigation or water transfer, considering head, discharge, and efficiency.
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Explain fundamentals of fluid properties, statics kinematics, dynamics, pipe flow, dimensional analysis, and hydraulic machines.
- CO2: Apply fluid mechanics principles to compute forces, flow parameters, losses, and machine performance.
- CO3: Analyze fluid systems involving statics, dynamics pipe flow, and hydraulic machines to determine behavior.
- CO4: Evaluate performance, efficiency, and operating conditions of fluid systems and machines.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 50% | End Semester Examinations 50%
- Internal methodology: Written Test (40%), Practical (30%), Activity (30%). Practical: Lab Experiments (50%), Tasks (50%) (Each student must complete a minimum of two tasks). Activity: Review of GATE/ESE Questions (10%), Mini Project/ Quiz/ Assignment Programs/ Flipped Class /Seminar Presentation (20%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.E. Aeronautical Engineering R-2025 Syllabus
Last Updated: September 2026
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