Subject Code & Name: BT25304 – Microbiology
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: III (Third Semester)
Branch: B.Tech. Biotechnology (Biotech)
Credits / L-T-P: 5 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-4
Course Objectives
- • To impart fundamentals of microorganisms and develop essential microbiological laboratory skills for biotechnological applications.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Introduction to Microbiology
Scope and significance of microbiology;
Unit II – Classification of microorganisms
Whittaker and Woese’s systems; Basic principles of Microscopy: Light and Electron; Sterilization and disinfection methods.
Practical: 1. Introduction to aseptic techniques and biosafety practices 2. Preparation of culture media and sterilization techniques
Activities: Prepare a concept map illustrating the classification of microorganisms and integrate the examples of beneficial and harmful microbes.
Unit III – Microbial Cell Structure and Staining Techniques
Structural organization and key structural components: Bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses; Principles of staining techniques: Simple, Differential and Specialized staining techniques.
Practical: 1. Simple staining, Differential staining, Special staining
Activities: Draw and label comparative diagrams of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including viruses, and write a brief explanation highlighting structural differences and their functional significance.
Unit IV – Microbial Growth and Nutrition
Nutritional types of microorganisms; Growth curve and influencing factors, Types of culture media (enriched, selective, differential; Basics of culture maintenance.
Practical: 1. Inoculation and isolation techniques: streak plate, pour plate, spread plate 2. Determination of bacterial growth curve
Activities: Analyze and interpret a given microbial growth curve, identify different growth phases, and explain the effect of environmental factors on microbial growth behavior.
Unit V – Microbial Control and Clinical Microbiology
Principles of microbial control: physical (heat, filtration, radiation) and chemical agents (disinfectants, antiseptics); Basic concepts of infection and transmission; Antimicrobial agents: classification, mechanisms of action, and resistance.
Practical: 1. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (Kirby-Bauer method)
Activities: Analyze a short case scenario on infection spread and propose appropriate microbial control measures and preventive strategies based on theoretical concepts.
Unit VI – Microbial Ecology and Microbiome
Microbial interactions: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, competition, syntrophy; Microbes in soil, water, and human body; Introduction to microbiome and its importance.
Practical: 1.Isolation of microorganisms from soil and water samples.
Activities: will write a short reflection note explaining the role of the human microbiome in health and disease, supported by real-life examples or recent findings.
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Understand the structure, properties, and biological functions of carbohydrates.
- CO2: Apply the knowledge of the structure and properties of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to biological systems.
- CO3: Analyze the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and their regulatory mechanisms under physiological conditions.
- CO4: Evaluate the metabolic interrelationships of lipids and amino acids in cellular metabolism and energy production.
- CO5: Create and interpret biochemical strategies for clinical enzymology, glucose regulation, and lipid profile assessment in biotechnology applications.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 50% | End Semester Examinations 50%
- Internal methodology: Assignments/module activities (20%), Laboratory performance and record (25%), Practical skill assessment (15%), Internal Examinations (40%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Biotechnology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026
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