Subject Code & Name: BT25303 – Biochemistry
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: III (Third Semester)
Branch: B.Tech. Biotechnology (Biotech)
Credits / L-T-P: 5 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-4
Course Objectives
- • To impart the basics of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids as well as metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and knowledge in clinical biochemistry.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Structure And Properties of Carbohydrates
Functions and classifications of carbohydrate – Biologically important monosaccharides – Structural aspects of monosaccharides – Reactions of monosaccharides - Disaccharides – Oligosaccharides -
Unit II – Polysaccharides
Homopolysaccharides and Heteropolysaccharide
Practical: 1. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates: (i) Aldose Vs. Ketose, (ii) Reducing Vs. Non- reducing and (iii) Hexose Vs. Pentose 2. Preparation of buffer solutions 1. Estimation of protein by Bradford’s method 2. Estimation of protein by Lowry’s method 3. Estimation of protein by Biuret method
Activities: Create models for structure of carbohydrates, Seminar on comparative studies of various carbohydrates Structure and properties of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids: Lipids: Classification and functions of lipids, fatty acids, triglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins, steroids, amphipathic lipids – Proteins: Classification and functions of proteins, amino acids, structure of proteins, properties of proteins-denaturation – Nucleic acids: Functions of nucleic acids, nucleotides, structure of DNA and RNA Create models and poster presentation on structural aspects of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Unit III – Metabolism of Carbohydrates
Introduction to metabolism – Pathways of carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate shunt and glyoxalate cycle – Metabolism of fructose
Practical: 1. Estimation of carbohydrate by the anthrone method 2. Estimation of reducing sugar by DNSA method
Activities: Assignment on various pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, Poster presentation on metabolic pathways of carbohydrate.
Unit IV – Metabolism of Lipids and Amino Acids
Biosynthesis of fatty acid – fatty acid oxidation – Ketogenesis - Synthesis of triacylglycerols – Metabolism of glycolipids – Metabolism of cholesterol – Lipoproteins – Metabolism of HDL – Metabolism of amino acids: Transamination, Deamination, Urea cycle
Practical: 1. Quantification of amino acids using ninhydrin method [
Activities: Assignment and Virtual Demonstration of lipids and amino acids } metabolism
Unit V – Clinical Biochemistry
Clinical Enzymology: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – Regulation of glucose and diabetes mellitus: Overview of regulation of blood glucose, post-pirandial regulation, regulation in fasting state, diabetes mellitus – Cadiovascular diseases: Clinical significance of cholesterol, atherosclerosis and LDL, prevention of atherosclerosis
Practical: 1. Determination of blood glucose levels using GOD-POD assay. 2. Determination of triglycerides levels in blood using coupled enzymatic assay.
Activities: Seminar and Reproduction of research paper/Case study on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Explain the structure, properties, and biological functions of carbohydrates.
- CO2: Apply the knowledge of the structure and properties of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to biological systems.
- CO3: Analyze the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and their regulatory mechanisms.
- CO4: Evaluate the metabolic interrelationships of lipids and amino acids in cellular functions and energy production.
- CO5: Design and interpret biochemical approaches for clinical enzymology, glucose regulation, and lipid profile assessment in biotechnology applications.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 50% | End Semester Examinations 50%
- Internal methodology: Assignments (20%), Seminar/Poster presentation (20%), Reproduction of research paper/Case Study (10%), Internal Examinations (50%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Biotechnology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026
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