Subject Code & Name: BT25301 – Process Calculations
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: III (Third Semester)
Branch: B.Tech. Biotechnology (Biotech)
Credits / L-T-P: 3 Credits | L-T-P: 2-1-0
Course Objectives
- • To provide a comprehensive understanding of stoichiometry of different unit operations and process involved in chemical and biotechnology industries with systematic application laws and appropriate dimensions and ability to solve mass and energy balance calculations.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I – Basic Chemical Calculations
Dimension – Systems of units esp. engineering FPS, Engineering MKS & SI systems – Conversion of units – Pressure, volume, force, work, power, Viscosity and other derived units related to basic chemical process and fundamental units, Dimensionless numbers and Dimensional analysis.
Activities: Create a comparative chart of fundamental and derived units, solve the problem using dimensionless numbers and state its significance
Unit II – Gas Equations and Elemental Balance
Ideal and actual gas equations, Application to pure gas & gas mixtures -partial pressures, partial volumes, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law, Dalton and Amaghat’s law, Composition of mixtures and solutions - mass fraction, mass %, mole fraction, mole %, average molecular weight, density by ideal gas law molarity, molality, normality, ppm. Concept of vapour pressure and effect of temperature on vapour pressure, Humidification.
Activities: Comprehend various real gas equations and select suitable equation of state for various properties
Unit III – Material Balance for Unit Operations
Material balance calculation for unit operations- Mixing, Absorption and stripping, Distillation, Liquid extraction, Leaching, drying, evaporation, crystallization.
Activities: Draw the material balance for the equipment related to process industries.
Unit IV – Material Balance Involving Chemical Reaction
Principles of stoichiometry -Limiting, excess reactant, Degree of completion, excess ratio, yield, selectivity and percentage conversion for simple and multiple reactions. Recycle and Bypass purging calculation. Degree of reduction and yield coefficient in microbial growth and product formation.
Activities: Solve stoichiometric calculations involving chemical reactions and recycle operations
Unit V – Energy Balance
General calculations for enthalpy changes involving specific heat capacity, sensible heat and latent heat, Heat of a Reaction, Heat of formation, Heat of combustion, Adiabatic reaction temperature, Combustion Reactions – Theoretical oxygen demand, excess air, Orsat analysis, Calorific value of fuel. Thermal death kinetics and sterilization concepts in bioprocess.
Activities: Draw the energy balance across the equipment used in process industries
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Explain the fundamental concepts of units dimensions, gas laws, thermodynamic properties, and composition of chemical systems.
- CO2: Apply principles of material and energy balances, gas equations, and stoichiometry to solve chemical engineering problems. Analyze chemical and bioprocess systems involving.
- CO3: Unit operations, reactive processes, and phase behavior to determine system performance.
- CO4: Evaluate material and energy balance solutions for accuracy, feasibility, and efficiency in chemical processes.
- CO5: Develop integrated models for material and energy balances in complex chemical and bioprocess systems, including reactive and thermal processes.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 40% | End Semester Examinations 60%
- Internal methodology: Assignments (15%), Solving of competitive exams questions (15%), Internal Examinations (70%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.Tech. Biotechnology R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026
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