Subject Code & Name: BM25C05 – Sensors and Measurements
Regulation: R-2025
Semester: III (Third Semester)
Branch: B.E. Biomedical Engineering (BME) / B.E. Medical Electronics (MedElec)
Credits / L-T-P: 4 Credits | L-T-P: 3-0-2
Course Objectives
- Acquire knowledge about the various blocks of a typical measurement system. Study the characteristics of different transducers, signal conditioning circuit and display devices.
Full Unit-wise Syllabus
Unit I Science of Measurement
Measurement System – Instrumentation – Classification and Characteristics of Transducers – Static and Dynamic – Errors in Measurements – Calibration and standards – Primary and secondary standards.
Unit II – Displacement, Pressure, Temperature Sensors
Resistive Transducers: Strain Gauge: Gauge factor, sensing elements, configuration, strain gauge as displacement & pressure transducers, biomedical applications. RTD materials & range, Characteristics, thermistor characteristics, biomedical applications of Temperature sensors, Capacitive transducer, Inductive transducer, LVDT, Active type: Thermocouple characteristics.
Practical: Characteristics of strain gauges. Displacement measurement using LVDT. Characteristics of temperature transducer-thermistor, RTD, Thermocouple.
Activities: Case studies on various biomedical application of transducers.
Unit III – Photoelectric And Piezoelectric Sensors
Phototube, scintillation counter, Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT), photovoltaic, Photo conductive cells, photo diodes, phototransistor, comparison of photoelectric transducers, spectrophotometric applications of photo electric transducers. Piezoelectric active transducer and biomedical applications as pressure & Ultrasound transducer.
Practical: Characteristics of Photo electronic transducers-LDR, Photo Diode, Photo Transistor.
Activities: Project- Develop biomedical applications using different sensors
Unit IV – Signal Conditioning & Display Devices
AC and DC Bridges – Wheat stone bridge, Kelvin, Maxwell, Hay, Schering – Concepts of filters, low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop, notch-pre-amplifier, differential amplifier – impedance matching circuits – isolation amplifiers, Spectrum Analyzer, Digital voltmeter – Multi meter – CRO – block diagram, CRT – vertical & horizontal deflection system, DSO.
Practical: Wheatstone Bridge for Measurement of Resistance. Measurement of capacitance using bridge circuits. Measurement of inductance using bridge circuits. Characteristics of passive filters
Unit V – Biosensors
Introduction, Advantages and limitations, various components of biosensors, Classification of Biosensors Based on Type of Transduction - Electrochemical, Optical, Acoustic, Calorimetric. Classification of Biosensors Based on Biological Element - Enzyme Sensor, Immunosensors. Ion selective Field Effect Transistor (ISFET), immunologically sensitive FET (IMFET), Blood glucose sensors.
Activities: Simulation of Biosensor using simulation tools (COMSOL Multiphysics/ Intelli suite / etc.).
Course Outcomes (COs)
- CO1: Explain the principles of measurement systems instrumentation, transducers, and standards, including errors and calibration.
- CO2: Analyze and characterize displacement, pressure, and temperature sensors and their applications in engineering and biomedical systems.
- CO3: Analyze the operation and applications of photoelectric and piezoelectric sensors.
- CO4: Design and implement signal conditioning circuits and interface with display devices for accurate measurement.
- CO5: Classify, and simulate biosensors, including electrochemical, optical, and FET based biosensors using modern simulation tools.
Assessment Pattern (Quick Note)
- Weightage: Continuous Assessment 50% | End Semester Examinations 50%
- Internal methodology: Project (20%), Simulation (15%), Activity (10%), Practical (25%), Internal Examinations (30%)
Source: Official Anna University – B.E. Biomedical Engineering R-2025 Curriculum
Last Updated: September 2026
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